This study aims to determine the effect of corruption on economic growth at the provincial level in Indonesia. This study uses a model based on the economic growth model of Levine and Renelt (1992). This study uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), and Transparency International Indonesia with the research period of 2014-2018. This study uses a panel data model with a cross-section of 16 (sixteen) provinces in Indonesia. This study uses a model with a Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results showed that the corruption perception index, foreign direct investment (FDI), initial growth (EGt-1), government spending (GE) and labor (L) each had a positive and significant effect on economic growth (EG) in 16 provinces in Indonesia for the 2014-2018 period, ceteris paribus.
This study aims to determine the effect of corruption on economic growth at the provincial level in Indonesia. This study uses a model based on the economic growth model of Levine and Renelt (1992). This study uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), and Transparency International Indonesia with the research period of 2014-2018. This study uses a panel data model with a cross-section of 16 (sixteen) provinces in Indonesia. This study uses a model with a Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results showed that the corruption perception index, foreign direct investment (FDI), initial growth (EGt-1), government spending (GE) and labor (L) each had a positive and significant effect on economic growth (EG) in 16 provinces in Indonesia for the 2014-2018 period, ceteris paribus.
The incoming foreign direct investment will bring technology, new innovations, increase in capital, create jobs that will absorb unemployment, and improve the quality of human resources so that investment is considered important in accelerating economic growth in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of political stability and the Corruption Perception Index on Foreign Direct Investment in Southeast Asia. This study uses secondary data obtained from the World Bank, and Transparency International. The method used is a panel data model with a total cross-section of 10 (ten) countries in Southeast Asia and a time-series in 2010-2019. The research was conducted in 10 countries due to Timor-Leste because the country officially became a member of Southeast Asia in 2011. The research method used in this study is the Random Effect Model. The results showed that the independent variables of political stability, corruption perception index (GPA), and economic growth (EG) each had a significant and positive effect on foreign direct investment in Southeast Asia, while inflation and exchange rates had no effect on foreign direct investment. in Southeast Asia 2010-2019 period, ceteris paribus. ; Investasi asing langsung yang masuk akan membawa teknologi, inovasi baru, penambahan modal, menciptakan lapangan kerja yang menyerap pengangguran, dan meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia sehingga investasi dianggap penting dalam mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara berkembang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh stabilitas politik dan Indeks Persepsi Korupsi terhadap Penanaman Modal Asing di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Bank Dunia, dan Transparency International. Metode yang digunakan adalah model data panel dengan total cross section 10 (sepuluh) negara di Asia Tenggara dan time series tahun 2010-2019. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 negara dikarenakan Timor-Leste karena negara tersebut resmi menjadi anggota Asia Tenggara pada tahun 2011. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Random Effect Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen stabilitas politik, indeks persepsi korupsi (IPK), dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (EG) masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap investasi asing langsung di Asia Tenggara, sedangkan inflasi dan nilai tukar tidak berpengaruh terhadap investasi langsung asing. investasi. di Asia Tenggara periode 2010-2019, ceteris paribus.
Purpose:The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the divided government and the incumbent government on the economic growth in regions and cities in Indonesia. Methodology:This research uses 157 regions and cities which had run the regional election in June till August in 2005 as the sample. This is due to the perception of how the regional election had just begun in 2005 while the next and the upcoming election were held in 2010. By far, the data is taken until the end of 2010 to picture the progress of the governmental performance during the period of the leadership of the incumbent leader. Main Findings:As a result, it is found that the incumbent leader has a negative effect on economic growth. This can be seen on the differences between the area with the new leader and the incumbent leader. There are several causes that lead to these results. First, it shows that the voters have not yet evaluated the performance during the leadership period. Second, because the incumbent leader is in the last period of their leadership, they tend to maximize their personal and their group interest, as well as their party, which is resulted to the ignorance of economic growth. Another key finding is that divided government has no effect on economic growth. In Indonesia, the regional leader anticipates the issue of the divided government by doing accommodative politics for the representative member of the regional house (DPRD). Instead of only becoming the checker and balancing power, this action is taken to support all the actions of the regional leader. Thus, it is confirmed that there is no difference between the divided or unified government.
abroad and domestically. Incoming investment is affected by a country's daytime strength. Widespread investment encourages more competition and corrupt practices as many investors want to reduce the bureaucracy they face. However, in the investment market a high level of corruption also makes a country's economy unattractive. This study aims to analyze the effect of a country's competitiveness on the entry of Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN. The variables used in this study are foreign investment, competitiveness, Corruption Perception Index, and political stability. The analytical method used is the Random Effect Model. This shows that state power is able to encourage direct foreign investment in a positive direction, as well as the Corruption Perception Index where the handling of the level of corruption will encourage the entry of Foreign Direct Investment. Political stability in this study does not have a significant effect, meaning that political shocks do not interfere with the entry of Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN in the period 2010 to 2020.
The purpose of this research is to analyze how the effect of money supply, exchange rate, government expenditure, oil price and output gap on inflation in Indonesia and to find out whether inflation in Indonesia is included in monetary phenomenon or fiscal phenomenon. In this study the variables representing the monetary phenomenon are the money supply and exchange rate, the fiscal phenomenon is represented by government expenditure while the oil price is one of the factors affecting inflation through the supply side, and the output gap is a variable that is believed to predict inflation. This research uses multiple regression model with Error Correction Model (ECM) method. Estimation results indicate the money supply, exchange rate and oil prices have a positive and significant effect on inflation in Indonesia, while government expenditure and output gap have no significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. This research found that inflation in Indonesia is a monetary phenomenon due to the money supply and the exchange rate which is the variable representing the monetary phenomenon affecting inflation in Indonesia, while government expenditure is the variable representing fiscal phenomenon has no effect on inflation in Indonesia.
This study analyzes the effect of crime on poverty in Sumatra, in addition to using the Human Development Index variable and also the open unemployment rate as independent variables. Fixed Effect Model is the best method used in this study, panel data consisting of 9 years and 10 provinces in Sumatra. Increasing security and comfort is an important thing that must be accommodated in the form of a law. This is a certainty as well as a guarantor to prevent criminal acts by taking action in the form of strict punishment from the government
Background: The Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR) has identified hypertension as the highest area of priority action to reduce heart disease and stroke on the continent.Objectives: The aim of this PASCAR roadmap on hypertension was to develop practical guidance on how to implement strategies that translate existing knowledge into effective action and improve detection, treatment and control of hypertension and cardiovascular health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by the year 2025.Methods: Development of this roadmap started with the creation of a consortium of experts with leadership skills in hypertension. In 2014, experts in different fields, including physicians and nonphysicians, were invited to join. Via face-to-face meetings and teleconferences, the consortium made a situation analysis, set a goal, identified roadblocks and solutions to the management of hypertension and customized the World Heart Federation roadmap to Africa.Results: Hypertension is a major crisis on the continent but very few randomized controlled trials have been conducted on its management. Also, only 25.8% of the countries have developed or adopted guidelines for management of hypertension. Other major roadblocks are either government and health-system related or health care professional or patient related. The PASCAR hypertension task force identified a 10-point action plan to be implemented by African ministries of health to achieve 25% control of hypertension in Africa by 2025.Conclusions: Hypertension affects millions of people in SSA and if left untreated, is a major cause of heart disease and stroke. Very few SSA countries have a clear hypertension policy. This PASCAR roadmap identifies practical and effective solutions that would improve detection, treatment and control of hypertension on the continent and could be implemented as is or adapted to specific national settings.
The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.
CSES Variable List The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.
Themes:
MICRO-LEVEL DATA:
Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire.
Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country.
Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month.
DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district.
MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.
The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.
CSES Variable Table The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.
Themes:
MICRO-LEVEL DATA:
Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire.
Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country.
Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month.
DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district.
MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.
